Fig 2: Expression of cTnI in bone marrow stromal cells assessed using a gold immunochromatographic assay. (A) Each sample had one control line, and the test line was observed under the control line in the CO and TF + CO groups. (B) Comparative analysis of cTnI expression; the concentration of cTnI was significantly higher in the CO and TF + CO groups compared with the CTL group. *P<0.05 vs. the CTL group. Ctn1, cardiac troponin I; TF, transfection only; CO, co-culture with atrial myocytes; TF + CO, transfection and co-culture; CTL, control.

Fig 3: Physiological level Ca2+ and pacing result in more mature protein and RNA expressionAll protein and RNA samples were extracted from tissues fresh frozen immediately after pacing. For western data, n = 4 for both groups and all measurement and ratios were first normalized against total protein. For RNA-seq, HC-RP n = 4, LC-RP n = 3, HC-NP n = 3, and LC-NP n = 4. Both western blotting and RNA-seq data came from one separate differentiation batch of the same single cell.(A) TPM1 and SERCA content (p = 0.0003).(B) PLN (p = 0.0477) and p-PLN.(C) cTnI (p < 0.0001) and p-cTnI (p < 0.0001).(D) RNA expression comparisons for Ca2+-handling proteins, sarcomere proteins, fatty acid metabolism, ion channels, and maturation markers.(E) HC-RP versus LC-NP volcano plot.(F) HC-RP versus LC-RP.(G) HC-RP versus HC-NP.(H) HC-NP versus LC-NP. Unpaired two-tailed t-tests were performed for (A–C). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.

Fig 4: Scoparone inhibits Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by suppressing Rac1 mediated oxidative stress. NRCMs were treated with Ang II (0.1 µmol/L), scoparone (SCO, 50 µmol/L), control or RAC1 overexpression adenovirus (10 moi) for 48 h. A, 3H-leucine incorporation assay (n = 4). B, Measure of cardiomyocytes surface area with immunofluorescence staining of cardiac troponin I (CTNI) (n = 8). C, Real-time PCR analysis of ANP, BNP and ß-myosin heavy chain (ß- MHC) mRNA level (n = 3).*P < 0.05; # P < 0.05 vs Ang II group; † P < 0.05 vs Ang II + SCO group