Fig 2: Leukemic Progression of the d715-RHD Mouse Model and SCN (SCN-AML) Is Associated with Increased Inflammatory and Decreased Proliferative Signaling(A and B) GSEA analyses comparing control (WT and d715 transcriptional data combined, n = 2) versus leukemic (tertiary recipients 2911–2918, n = 8) LK/c-Kit+ cells showing (A) upregulation of inflammatory signaling and (B) downregulation of proliferative pathways in leukemic mice.(C and D) GSEA comparing CD34+ cells from the SCN phase (1992) and the SCN-AML phase (2007), showing (C) increased inflammatory pathways and (D) downregulated proliferation signatures.ES, enrichment score; NES, normalized ES; FDR, false discovery rate. See also Figure S3 and Tables S1 and S2.

Fig 3: Identification of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) and mMSCs-derived exosomes. A Flow cytometric analysis for cell surface markers of CD44, Sca-1, CD90.2, CD34, CD11b, and CD45 on mMSCs. Percentage of positive cells shown in upper right corner as standardized with the isotype control antibody-incubated cells. B Assessment of differentiating capacity of mMSCs into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes stained by Alizarin Red (left), Alcian Blue (middle), and Oil Red (right), respectively. Scale bar = 100 µm. C Representative image of transmission electron microscopy of mMSCs-Exo, and red arrows indicate typical exosomes. Scale bar = 200 nm. D Western Blot analysis for exosomal markers CD63, TSG101, and CD9, as well as the negative marker GM130 in mMSCs-Exo. The culture medium was used as control. E Nanoparticle tracking analysis of mMSCs-Exo. F Confocal images shown that PKH67-labeled exosomes (green) were taken up by MLE-12 cells at indicated time points in vitro. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 40 µm

Fig 4: Isolation and identification of BMMSCs and OMSCs. (A) Observation of bone surfaces before and after collagenase II digestion using field emission scanning electron microscopy. (B) Primary culture and purification of MSCs by cell passaging. (C) Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs at 14 and 21 days of induction (magnification, ×40). (D) Detection and quantitative analysis of the surface markers of MSCs using flow cytometry. ***P<0.001 vs. CD31 and CD34. BMMSCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs; OMSCs, orofacial bone-derived MSCs; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells WT, wild-type; KO, knockout.