Live cell imaging continues to provide critical insight into cell function, especially given the expansion of imaging technologies that make it possible to view dynamic processes in living cells with nanoscale resolution in real time. This information is invaluable in research areas including genetics and neurobiology, in drug discovery, and in cytology, immunology, and microbiology. Today’s microscopes for live cell imaging are up to the challenge, encompassing techniques ranging from widefield fluorescence to TIRF, multiphoton, FRET, FRAP, superresolution, and photoactivation. Configurations range from simpler compact systems perfect for inexperienced users to complete confocal microscopy solutions for advanced work. Keeping cells alive and functioning as long as possible is the main challenge of live cell imaging, so improvements often center on minimizing photobleaching and phototoxicity. Choices include upright or inverted configuration, specially designed objective lenses, integrated temperature control, multiple laser options, state-of-the-art light sources and filter sets, and highly sensitive detectors capable of single-molecule imaging.