a) Influence of nucleic acid concentration: With the optimal electroporation parameters (osmolarity, voltage, pulse length), the quality of the results obtained with plasmid concentrations between 5 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml is usually satisfactory. The efficiency of the transfection may be raised by increasing the nucleic acid concentration, but only within a limited concentration range. Tests with various different cell lines have shown that only in very few cases (e.g. when large plasmids were used) do plasmid concentrations in excess of 20 µg/ml lead to an increase in the transfection rate (see Fig. 1.).
c) Influence of the size of the plasmid: Transfection efficiency is also affected by the size of the individual molecule that is introduced into the cell. This means that the optimal electroporation parameters that were determined for a certain plasmid, for example, have to be changed when a larger or smaller plasmid is used.
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