Description
Product Characteristics:
The proteasome represents a large protein complex that exists inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of proteasomes is to degrade unnecessary or damaged proteins by proteolysis. The most common form of the proteasome, known as the 26S Proteasome, contains one 20S Proteasome core particle structure and two 19S regulatory caps. The 20S Proteasome core is hollow and forms an enclosed cavity, where proteins are degraded, as well as openings at the two ends to allow the target protein to enter. The 20S Proteasome core particle contains many subunits, depending on the organism. All of the subunits fall into one of two types: alpha subunits, which are structural, serve as docking domains for the regulatory particles and exterior gates blocking unregulated access to the interior cavity, or beta subunits, which are predominantly catalytic. The outer two rings in the proteasome consist of seven ?subunits each, and the inner two rings each consist of seven beta subunits.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Nucleus
Synonyms: HC9, HsT17706, Macropain subunit C9, MGC111191, MGC12467, MGC24813, Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C9, Proteasome prosome macropain subunit alpha type 4, Proteasome alpha 4 subunit, Proteasome component C9, Proteasome subunit alpha type 4, Proteasome subunit alpha type-4, Proteasome subunit HC9, Proteasome subunit L, PSA4_HUMAN, PSC9, PSMA 4, psmA4.
Target Information: The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered ring-shaped 20S core structure. The core structure is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits\, 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. An essential function of a modified proteasome, the immunoproteasome, is the processing of class I MHC peptides. This gene encodes a member of the peptidase T1A family, that is a 20S core alpha subunit. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]