Description
Product Characteristics: The monoclonal antibody V1q recognizes mouse tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is the prototype cytokine of the family of TNF-related ligands, which are based on structural and functional homologies. TNF-α is synthesized as type II transmembrane protein. TNF-α can be recognized by two different membrane receptors, namely TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. TNF-α is present in a membrane-bound (tmTNF) as well as soluble form (sTNF). The membrane-bound form of TNF-α is recognized by both TNF receptors with high affinity, whereas the soluble form is recognized more superiorly by TNF-R1. TNF-α is produced by many different cell types including macrophages, T lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils and endothelial cells. Cells differ in the expression of the two TNF-receptors and sTNF versus tmTNF, respectively. TNF-α, a homotrimeric 17 kDa protein, is a potent mediator of inflammatory and metabolic functions. TNF-α was originally detected as a highly cytotoxic cytokine for tumor cells, it causes tumor necrosis in vivo and shows cytolytic activity against tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, TNF-α has been implied as central mediator in shock induced by gram negative micro-organisms. TNF-α induces on its turn the production of many other cytokines. Furthermore, TNF-α has been found in inflammatory foci such as synovial effusions in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic circulation in septic shock, parasitemia and rejection of renal transplants. The monoclonal antibody V1q recognizes both natural and recombinant TNF-α and shows neutralizing activity. Aliases TNF, TNF-SF2, DIF, cachectin, TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2 Immunogen Cytotoxin purified from conA induced T cell clone 29
Target Information: This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]