Description
Product Characteristics:
Terminally differentiating mammalian epidermal cells acquire an insoluble, 10 to 20 nm thick protein deposit on the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane known as the cross-linked cell envelope (CE). The CE is a component of the epidermis that is generated through formation of disulfide bonds and g-glutamyl-lysine isodipeptide bonds, which are formed by the action of transglutaminases (TGases). TGases are intercellularly localizing, Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the formation of isopeptide bonds by transferring an amine on to glutaminyl residues, thereby cross-linking glutamine residues and lysine residues in substrate proteins. TGases influence numerous biological processes, including blood coagulation, epidermal differentiation, seminal fluid coagulation, fertilization, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Human keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGase1) is a membrane associated, 817 amino acid protein. Human tissue transglutaminase (TGase2) is an endothelial cell specific, 687 amino acid protein.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Secreted, Cell membrane
Synonyms: TG 2, TGC, TG2, TGase C, TGase H, TGase-2, TGase2, TgaseII, ALPHA SUBUNIT, C polypeptide, G alpha h, G protein alpha subunit Gh class, G[a]h, Gh CLASS G ALPHA h, GNAH, GNAH G PROTEIN, Guanine nucleotide binding protein H polypeptide, H POLYPEPTIDE, Protein glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase 2, Protein glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase, Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, TGC, TGC GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN, TGM 2, TGM2, TGM2_HUMAN, Tissue transglutaminase, Tissue type transglutaminase, Transglutaminase 2, Transglutaminase 2 C polypeptide, Transglutaminase C, Transglutaminase H, Transglutaminase-2, tTG, tTGas.
Target Information: Transglutaminases are enzymes that catalyze the crosslinking of proteins by epsilon-gamma glutamyl lysine isopeptide bonds. While the primary structure of transglutaminases is not conserved, they all have the same amino acid sequence at their active sites and their activity is calcium-dependent. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a monomer, is induced by retinoic acid, and appears to be involved in apoptosis. Finally, the encoded protein is the autoantigen implicated in celiac disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]