Description
Product Characteristics:
In eukaryotes, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions, including division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the protein phosphatases. In general, the protein phosphatase (PP) holoenzyme is a trimeric complex composed of a regulatory subunit, a variable subunit and a catalytic subunit. Four major families of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits have been identified, designated PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin) and PP2C. An additional protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, PPX (also known as PP4) is a putative member of a novel PP family. The PP2A family comprises subfamily members PP2Aå and PP2A. The PP2A catalytic subunit associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B family of regulatory subunits (including B55, B56 and PR72/130 subfamilies) is believed to participate in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. PP2A-B55, also known as PP2A regulatory subunit subfamily B55 or PP2A-B1, is a B subfamily consisting of four B55 isoforms (Alpha,Beta, Gamma and Delta) encoded by four distinct genes.
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane
Synonyms: 2ABB_HUMAN, B55 beta, Beta isoform of regulatory subunit B55 protein phosphatase 2, MGC24888, PP2A B Subunit B Alpha Isoform, PP2A B55beta, PP2A PR55B, PP2A subunit B B beta isoform, PP2A subunit B B55 beta isoform, PP2A subunit B isoform B55 beta, PP2A subunit B isoform B55-beta, PP2A subunit B isoform beta, PP2A subunit B isoform PR55 beta, PP2A subunit B isoform PR55-beta, PP2A subunit B isoform R2 beta, PP2A subunit B isoform R2-beta, PP2A subunit B PR55 beta isoform, PP2A subunit B R2 beta isoform, Ppp2r2b, PR2AB beta, PR2AB55 beta, PR2APR55 beta, PR52B, PR55 beta, Protein phosphatase 2 formerly 2A regulatory subunit B PR 52 beta isoform, Protein phosphatase 2 formerly 2A regulatory subunit B beta isoform, Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B, Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B beta isoform, SCA 12, SCA12, Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform, Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase 2A 56kDa Regulatory Subunit Alpha Isoform, Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A neuronal isoform, Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform.
Target Information: The product of this gene belongs to the phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B family. Protein phosphatase 2 is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and it is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. It consists of a common heteromeric core enzyme, which is composed of a catalytic subunit and a constant regulatory subunit, that associates with a variety of regulatory subunits. The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity. This gene encodes a beta isoform of the regulatory subunit B55 subfamily. Defects in this gene cause autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 12 (SCA12), a disease caused by degeneration of the cerebellum, sometimes involving the brainstem and spinal cord, and in resulting in poor coordination of speech and body movements. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. The 5' UTR of some of these variants includes a CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence (7-28 copies) that can be expanded to 66-78 copies in cases of SCA12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]