Fig 1: LPC 18:1 optic nerve injections promote remyelination in EAE mice. A, Multivariable dimension reduction analysis (principal component analysis, left panel) and bilinear factor model analysis (partial least-squares discriminant analysis, right panel) demonstrating the separation of samples into four distinct groups. NI, No-injection control; LR, low-recovery group; HR, high-recovery group; SN, stay-normal group. B, Quantitative iTRAQ mass spectrometry analysis of EAE optic nerves injected with LPC 18:1 (no-injection control, low-recovery, high-recovery, and stay-normal groups). One-way ANOVA demonstrating 88 significant proteins. Adjusted p-value cutoff = 0.001; post hoc analysis with Fisher’s LSD. C, Correlation pattern analysis demonstrating the top 10 proteins that either increase (red) or decrease (blue) starting with the no-injection control group and progressively moving toward the SN group. Distance measure: Pearson R. D, Reactome pathway analysis of proteins that are shared between the ANOVA and correlation pattern analysis (50 proteins for positive correlation and 38 proteins for negative correlation). Reactome pathways interactors were excluded, pathway p-value = 0.05. E, Western blot analysis demonstrating a negative correlation between oligodendrocyte progenitor cell markers and mature oligodendrocyte markers (PDGFR-a: one-way ANOVA, ***p = 0.001; MBP: one-way ANOVA, ***p = 0.001; MOG: one-way ANOVA, ***p = 0.001). PDGFR-a, catalog #ab134123, Abcam; MBP: catalog #ab7349 Abcam; MOG, catalog #ab28766, Abcam. n = 3. NI, No-injection control group; LR, low-recovery group; HR, high-recovery group; SN, stay-normal group. F, Immunohistochemistry of EAE animals injected with LPC 18:1 at 150 µm demonstrating mature oligodendrocyte localization (yellow arrowhead). MBP: catalog #ab7349, Abcam; OSP: catalog #ab7474, Abcam. Blue, DAPI; green, MBP; red, OSP. G, Dose curve analysis for determining histidine dose: 10 µm was the concentration used for C13-histidine + LPC 18:1 EAE optic nerve injections. H, Mass spectrometry C13-histidine + LPC 18:1 EAE optic nerve injections demonstrating the incorporation of isobaric C13-histidine in myelin basic protein. See Extended Data Figures 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, and 3-5.
Fig 2: LPC 18:1 optic nerve injections improve visual function in EAE mice. A, Surgical procedure for ON injections. Image created using BioRender. B, Dose–response curve analysis for determining LPC 18:1 dose: 150 µm was the inflection point at which the control lipid LPC 18:0 decreased visual function while LPC 18:1 retained normal visual function. C, Visual function analysis using PERG for optic nerve injections determined that 150 µm LPC 18:1 does not affect visual function (****p = 0.0001; one-way ANOVA, ****p = 0.0001). D, PERG waves demonstrate that 150 µm optic nerve injection of LPC 18:1 does not affect visual function 4 days-post-injection (DPI). E, Immunohistochemistry of C57BL/6J WT animals injected with LPC 18:0 and LPC 18:1 at 150 µm. MBP, Abcam, ab7349. Blue, DAPI; green, MBP. F, Immunohistochemistry of C57BL/6J WT animals injected with 150 µm Cy5-LPC 18:1 1 h postinjection (HPI) and 4 DPI. MBP: catalog #ab7349 Abcam. Blue, DAPI; green, MBP; pink, Cy5-LPC 18:1. G, Dot blot analysis of levels of deimination in the C57BL/6J-MOG35-55 EAE optic nerves injected with either LPC 18:0 or LPC 18:1. Levels of deimination are attenuated when injected with LPC 18:1 (***p = 0.001; one-way ANOVA, ***p = 0.001). Citrulline: MABS54887, Millipore. H, PERG analysis of LPC 18:1 optic nerve injections in the C57BL/6J-MOG35-55 EAE animals at a clinical score of 2. The duration of the PERG measurements stopped 12 d post-LPC 18:1 optic nerve injection (DPI) when tissue was harvested. PERG analysis at 12 DPI demonstrates a statistical significance among all of the groups (***p = 0.001; ****p = 0.0001; one-way ANOVA, ****p = 0.0001). I, Composition of animals in each of the groups. J, Flash ERG analysis demonstrates that the loss in visual function is not because of changes in inner retinal activity (photoreceptors) n.s., No-significance. K, Immunohistochemistry of EAE animals injected with LPC 18:1 at 150 µm demonstrates increased myelination in the treated groups. MBP, catalog #ab7349, Abcam. Blue, DAPI; green, MBP. L, PERG analysis of LPC 18:0 optic nerve injections in the C57BL/6J-MOG35-55 EAE animals at a clinical score of 2. Duration of the PERG measurements stopped 12 d post-LPC 18:1 optic nerve injection (DPI) when tissue was harvested. M, PERG analysis of LPC 18:1 optic nerve injections in the SJL/J- PLP139-151 EAE animals at a clinical score of 2. The duration of the measurements stopped 12 DPI when tissue was harvested. PERG analysis at the 12 DPI demonstrates a statistical significance between the two groups (****p = 0.0001; one-way ANOVA, ****p = 0.0001). See Extended Data Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3.
Fig 3: Oligodendrocyte maturation is mediated by LPC 18:1. A, Rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells culture depicts with typical OPC morphology (bright field). Arrows point toward OPCs, inlet panel represents the area in dotted square at a higher magnification. B, Immunocytochemistry of rat OPCs treated with LPC 18:1 or LPC 18:0 at 10 µm, and C13-Histidine at 10 µm demonstrating LPC 18:1-mediated oligodendrocyte maturation. MBP: catalog #ab7349, Abcam; OSP: catalog #ab7474, Abcam. Blue, DAPI; green, MBP; red, OSP. Scale bar, 25 µm. C, Reactome pathway analysis of proteins labeled with C13-histidine in the LPC 18:1 and LPC 18:0 OPC-treated groups. Reactome pathway interactors were excluded, pathway p-value = 0.05. D, OPC groups incubated with Cy5-LPC 18:1 at different time points followed by UV cross-linking. PhastGel identification of proteins crossed linked with Cy5-LPC 18:1 (pink band). E, Relative abundance of LPC 18:1 in rat OPC, rat oligodendrocyte and mouse retinal ganglion cell cultures transfected with siRNAs. LPCAT1: catalog #s102346, Ambion; PLA2G4C: catalog #s107315, Ambion; LIPC: catalog #s67780, Ambion. ±SEM; *p = 0.05, **p = 0.01. F, Relative abundance of LPC 18:1 rat OPC, rat oligodendrocyte, and mouse retinal ganglion cell cultures transfected with overexpression constructs. LPGAT1: catalog #Ex-mm15104-M61, Genecopoeia; LIPC: catalog #Ex-mm03119-M61, Genecopoeia. ±SEM; *p = 0.05, **p = 0.01. G, OPC cell cultures treated with exogenous LPC 18:1 or LPC 18:0 followed by cellular fractionation. SNX4: catalog #ab198504, Abcam; PPAR-d: catalog #ab23673, Abcam; CHD7: catalog #6505S, Cell Signaling Technology; PCLO: catalog #ab20664, Abcam. EF, Extracellular fraction; CF, cytosolic fraction; NF, nuclear fraction. H, Nuclear fraction electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of OPC cell cultures treated with exogenous LPC 18:1 or LPC 18:0. I, protein–lipid overlay assay demonstrating the binding of selected proteins with LPC 18:1 and LPC 18:0. SNX4: catalog #ab198504, Abcam; PPAR-d: catalog #ab23673, Abcam; CHD7: catalog #6505S, Cell Signaling Technology; PCLO: catalog #ab20664, Abcam. J, Proposed model for LPC 18:1-mediated remyelination through oligodendrocyte maturation. See Extended Data Figures 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, and 4-6.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-Myelin Basic Protein antibody [12]