Fig 1: Quercetin reduced inflammasome-associated proteins expression in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. HK-2 cells were co-cultured with 5 µM quercetin and 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL recombinant human IL-33 for 48 h. (A,B) Representative photomicrographs showing the immunofluorescence staining for NLRP3 (red) and ASC (green) among different groups. Boxed areas are enlarged and presented in the right column. Magnification, 400×. (C–F) Immunoblots and quantitative histograms showing the results of Western blotting analysis for the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 proteins. (G) Quantitative histograms showing the results of qPCR analysis for PYCARD mRNA level. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group; ## p < 0.001 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group.
Fig 2: Quercetin reduced pyroptosis-associated proteins expression in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. HK-2 cells were co-cultured with 5 µM quercetin and 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL recombinant human IL-33 for 48 h. (A) Representative photomicrographs showing the immunofluorescence staining for IL-1ß (red) among different groups. Magnification, 400×. (B) Quantitative histograms showing the results of qPCR analysis for GSDMD mRNA level. (C–E) Immunoblots and quantitative histograms showing the results of Western blotting analysis for the expression of GSDMD and IL-1ß protein. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group.
Fig 3: Quercetin diminished inflammatory cytokines expression in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. HK-2 cells were co-cultured with 5 µM quercetin and 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL recombinant human IL-33 for 48 h. (A–E) Immunoblots and quantitative histograms showing the results of Western blotting analysis for the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, and HMGB1 proteins. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 versus control group; ** p < 0.001 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group; ## p < 0.001 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group.
Fig 4: Quercetin regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. HK-2 cells were co-cultured with 5 µM quercetin and 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL recombinant human IL-33 for 48 h. (A–F) Immunoblots and quantitative histograms showing the results of Western blotting analysis for the expression of NF-?B, MyD88, I?Ba, and p-AMPK proteins. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group; n.s. indicates not significant.
Fig 5: Quercetin suppressed the expression of receptor proteins in human renal tubular epithelial cell line. HK-2 cells were co-cultured with 5 µM quercetin and 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL recombinant human IL-33 for 48 h. (A–F) Immunoblots and quantitative histograms showing the results of Western blotting analysis for the expression of ST2, IL1RAP, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 proteins. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05 versus control group; # p < 0.05 versus corresponding IL-33-stimulated group.
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